Mahalaxmi Stotram is a sacred hymn dedicated to Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ a revered deity in Hinduism‚ embodying prosperity and wealth. It is often recited during puja ceremonies to invoke her blessings and is considered a powerful tool for spiritual growth and material success. The stotram is part of Hindu devotional practices and is believed to bring positive energy and financial stability to those who chant it with devotion. It highlights the eight manifestations of Goddess Lakshmi‚ emphasizing her role in granting wealth and prosperity in various aspects of life. This ancient text is widely revered and is often sought after in PDF formats for easy access and recitation. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a significant part of Hindu religious rituals and is believed to bring peace and harmony to the devotees’ lives. The stotram is also considered a means to connect with the divine feminine energy‚ symbolizing abundance and grace. Regular recitation of the stotram is believed to enhance one’s spiritual journey and material well-being. The text is rich in spiritual significance and is often recommended for those seeking financial stability and inner peace. Reciting the stotram with faith is believed to attract positive vibrations and prosperity into one’s life. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of devotion and spirituality‚ making it a cherished prayer among Hindus worldwide. It is also believed to ward off negative energies and bring good fortune to the devotees. The stotram is often chanted during festivals and special occasions to seek the blessings of Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a timeless prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with sincerity and devotion. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful reminder of the divine grace and generosity of Goddess Lakshmi‚ making it a cornerstone of Hindu devotional practices. Reciting the stotram is believed to strengthen one’s faith and deepen their connection with the divine. The text is also a celebration of the feminine power and its role in sustaining and nurturing the universe. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful tool for achieving both spiritual and material fulfillment. It is a prayer that transcends time and continues to resonate with devotees across generations. The stotram is also believed to bring clarity and focus to one’s life‚ helping them achieve their goals and aspirations. Regular recitation of the Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to enhance one’s mental and emotional well-being‚ leading to a more balanced and harmonious life. The stotram is also considered a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace from Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for prosperity and peace. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a testament to the enduring power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. Reciting the stotram is believed to create a sacred space for spiritual growth and self-realization. The text is also a celebration of the divine feminine and her infinite compassion and generosity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a cherished prayer among devotees of all ages. It is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of faith and devotion. The stotram is also believed to bring people closer to their spiritual goals and aspirations‚ helping them navigate life’s challenges with grace and resilience. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with faith and sincerity. It is a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it bestows upon humanity. The stotram is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. Reciting the Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to bring joy‚ peace‚ and prosperity into one’s life‚ fulfilling the deepest desires of the heart. The stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a sacred text that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for a fulfilling and meaningful life. Reciting the stotram is believed to bring positive change and Transformation‚ helping devotees achieve their spiritual and material goals. The stotram is also a celebration of the divine feminine and her role in sustaining and nurturing the universe. It is a prayer that transcends time and continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with faith and devotion. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful reminder of the infinite compassion and generosity of Goddess Lakshmi‚ making it a cherished prayer among Hindus worldwide. Reciting the stotram is believed to enhance one’s spiritual journey and material well-being‚ bringing peace and harmony to their lives. The text is also a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace from the divine. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of faith and devotion‚ offering devotees a path to achieve both spiritual and material fulfillment. The stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a sacred hymn that celebrates the divine grace and generosity of Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ making it a cornerstone of Hindu spirituality. Reciting the stotram is believed to bring joy‚ peace‚ and prosperity into one’s life‚ fulfilling the deepest desires of the heart. The stotram is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. Reciting the stotram with faith is believed to attract positive vibrations and prosperity into one’s life. The stotram is also believed to ward off negative energies and bring good fortune to the devotees. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. It is a prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with sincerity and devotion. The stotram is also a celebration of the divine feminine and her infinite compassion and generosity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a cherished prayer among devotees of all ages. It is a testament to the enduring power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. Reciting the stotram is believed to create a sacred space for spiritual growth and self-realization. The text is also a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it bestows upon humanity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring clarity and focus to one’s life‚ helping them achieve their goals and aspirations. Regular recitation of the Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to enhance one’s mental and emotional well-being‚ leading to a more balanced and harmonious life. The stotram is also considered a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace from Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for prosperity and peace. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful tool for achieving both spiritual and material fulfillment‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. Reciting the stotram is believed to strengthen one’s faith and deepen their connection with the divine. The text is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring people closer to their spiritual goals and aspirations‚ helping them navigate life’s challenges with grace and resilience. The Mahalaxmi Stot
1.1 Overview of the Stotram
Mahalaxmi Stotram is a sacred hymn dedicated to Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ a revered deity in Hinduism‚ embodying prosperity‚ wealth‚ and spiritual growth. The stotram is a devotional prayer that extols the virtues of Goddess Lakshmi‚ highlighting her eight divine manifestations. It is widely recited during puja ceremonies and is believed to bring financial stability‚ inner peace‚ and positive energy to the devotees. The stotram is structured to invoke the blessings of Goddess Mahalaxmi through its melodious verses and meaningful chants. It is often sought after in PDF formats for easy access and recitation‚ making it a popular choice for daily worship. The stotram is also considered a powerful tool for spiritual enlightenment and is deeply rooted in Hindu devotional practices. Its recitation is believed to ward off negativity and attract prosperity‚ making it a cherished prayer among devotees. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless spiritual text that continues to inspire and uplift those who seek divine grace and blessings. Its availability in PDF formats has made it accessible to a global audience‚ ensuring its relevance in modern times. The stotram remains a cornerstone of Hindu spirituality‚ offering a pathway to both material success and inner fulfillment.
1.2 Significance of Goddess Mahalaxmi
Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ an embodiment of divine prosperity and good fortune‚ holds immense significance in Hinduism. She is revered as the consort of Lord Vishnu and the epitome of wealth‚ both material and spiritual. Mahalaxmi is often depicted as the divine feminine energy‚ symbolizing grace‚ abundance‚ and compassion. Her worship is believed to bestow devotees with financial stability‚ success‚ and inner peace. As one of the eight manifestations of Goddess Lakshmi‚ she represents the diverse forms of wealth‚ including knowledge‚ courage‚ and spiritual growth. Her significance extends beyond material prosperity‚ as she is also worshipped for blessings in relationships‚ health‚ and overall well-being. Goddess Mahalaxmi is a central figure in Hindu rituals‚ particularly during festivals like Diwali‚ where her puja is performed to invoke her blessings. Her divine presence is believed to ward off negativity and bring harmony to life. The reverence for Mahalaxmi reflects the deep-rooted belief in the feminine power that sustains and nurtures the universe. Her significance is further highlighted in the Mahalaxmi Stotram‚ which glorifies her attributes and seeks her grace for a fulfilling life.
The Significance of Mahalaxmi Stotram
Mahalaxmi Stotram is a divine hymn revered for its power to attract prosperity‚ wealth‚ and spiritual enlightenment. It is believed to bring financial stability and positive energy‚ fostering a balanced life. The stotram is a sacred tool for devotees seeking blessings from Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ embodying her grace and abundance. Regular recitation is thought to enhance inner peace‚ spiritual growth‚ and material success. Its significance lies in its ability to connect devotees with the divine feminine energy‚ symbolizing prosperity and harmony. The stotram is widely regarded as a powerful prayer for achieving both spiritual and material fulfillment. It is a cornerstone of Hindu devotional practices‚ celebrated for its transformative power. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless hymn that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with faith and sincerity. Its cultural and religious impact is profound‚ making it a cherished prayer in Hindu traditions. The stotram is believed to ward off negativity and bring good fortune‚ resonating with devotees seeking peace and prosperity. Its verses are a celebration of divine grace and generosity‚ offering hope and fulfillment to all who chant them. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a significant part of daily worship and rituals. It is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of faith and devotion. The stotram is a testament to the enduring power of divine grace and its ability to bring joy and harmony to life. Reciting Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to strengthen one’s connection with the divine‚ fostering a deeper sense of purpose and fulfillment. The stotram is a sacred hymn that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with faith and sincerity. Its significance extends beyond material prosperity‚ embracing spiritual growth and inner peace. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a divine prayer that transcends time‚ offering devotees a path to achieve their spiritual and material goals. It is a celebration of the divine feminine and her infinite compassion‚ making it a cornerstone of Hindu spirituality. Reciting the stotram is believed to bring clarity and focus to life‚ helping devotees navigate challenges with grace and resilience. The stotram is a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth‚ offering a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience divine grace. It is a prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering hope and prosperity. The stotram is a powerful reminder of the infinite blessings of Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ making it a cherished prayer among Hindus worldwide. Reciting the stotram is believed to enhance one’s faith and deepen their connection with the divine. The text is also a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of faith and devotion‚ offering a path to fulfillment. The stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with sincerity. It is a divine hymn that celebrates the power of faith and devotion. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful tool for achieving spiritual and material success‚ making it a cherished prayer in Hindu traditions. Its significance lies in its ability to bring peace‚ prosperity‚ and harmony to life. The stotram is a sacred text that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for a fulfilling life. Reciting the stotram is believed to create a sacred space for spiritual growth and self-realization. The text is also a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it bestows upon humanity. Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring clarity and focus to one’s life‚ helping them achieve their goals and aspirations. Regular recitation of the Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to enhance one’s mental and emotional well-being‚ leading to a more balanced and harmonious life. The stotram is also considered a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace from Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for prosperity and peace. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful tool for achieving both spiritual and material fulfillment‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. Reciting the stotram is believed to strengthen one’s faith and deepen their connection with the divine. The text is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring people closer to their spiritual goals and aspirations‚ helping them navigate life’s challenges with grace and resilience. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with faith and devotion. It is a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it bestows upon humanity. The stotram is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. Reciting the stotram with faith is believed to attract positive vibrations and prosperity into one’s life. The stotram is also believed to ward off negative energies and bring good fortune to the devotees. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. It is a prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with sincerity and devotion. The stotram is also a celebration of the divine feminine and her infinite compassion and generosity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a cherished prayer among devotees of all ages. It is a testament to the enduring power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. Reciting the stotram is believed to create a sacred space for spiritual growth and self-realization. The text is also a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it bestows upon humanity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring clarity and focus to one’s life‚ helping them achieve their goals and aspirations. Regular recitation of the Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to enhance one’s mental and emotional well-being‚ leading to a more balanced and harmonious life. The stotram is also considered a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace from Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for prosperity and peace. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful tool for achieving both spiritual and material fulfillment‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. Reciting the stotram is believed to strengthen one’s faith and deepen their connection with the divine. The text is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring people closer to their spiritual goals and aspirations‚ helping them navigate life’s challenges with grace and resilience. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with faith and devotion. It is a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it best
2.1 Prosperity and Wealth
Mahalaxmi Stotram is deeply associated with prosperity and wealth‚ as it invokes Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ the embodiment of abundance and financial success. The stotram is believed to attract positive energy‚ ensuring stability and growth in one’s finances. By reciting it‚ devotees seek blessings for wealth accumulation and protection from monetary losses. Its verses emphasize the goddess’s grace in fulfilling material desires and fostering a prosperous life. The stotram is often chanted during rituals like Diwali and other auspicious occasions to invite wealth and good fortune. It is considered a powerful tool for overcoming financial challenges and achieving economic stability. Regular recitation is believed to enhance one’s ability to manage wealth wisely and attract abundance. The stotram’s significance lies in its ability to harmonize material success with spiritual growth‚ making it a cherished prayer for prosperity.
2.2 Spiritual Growth and Enlightenment
Mahalaxmi Stotram holds profound significance for spiritual growth and enlightenment‚ offering a pathway to connect with the divine. Its verses inspire mindfulness and devotion‚ fostering a deeper understanding of the self and the universe. By reciting the stotram‚ practitioners cultivate inner peace and harmony‚ essential for spiritual evolution. It emphasizes the importance of surrendering to Goddess Mahalaxmi’s divine energy‚ which guides believers toward self-realization. The stotram’s melodies and mantras create a meditative atmosphere‚ helping devotees transcend worldly distractions and focus on their spiritual journey. Regular recitation is believed to purify the mind and soul‚ facilitating enlightenment and a stronger connection to the divine feminine. This sacred hymn is not only a prayer for wealth but also a tool for achieving spiritual equilibrium and eternal bliss. It embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality‚ blending material and spiritual aspirations. The stotram’s rhythmic chants and meaningful verses resonate deeply‚ nurturing a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Through its recitation‚ devotees experience a profound transformation‚ aligning their lives with the divine will and embracing the true essence of spirituality. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is thus a timeless guide for those seeking both inner enlightenment and outer prosperity. Its impact extends beyond rituals‚ offering a holistic path to spiritual awakening and self-discovery. Reciting the stotram with sincerity fosters a sense of gratitude and humility‚ essential qualities for spiritual growth. The stotram’s teachings encourage believers to embrace simplicity and detachment‚ focusing on the eternal rather than the transient. In essence‚ Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful tool for those striving to balance their spiritual and material lives‚ finding harmony in both realms. Its verses serve as a reminder of the divine’s ever-present grace‚ inspiring devotees to walk the path of righteousness and enlightenment. The stotram’s spiritual significance lies in its ability to uplift the soul‚ offering solace‚ guidance‚ and inspiration to those seeking a deeper connection with the divine. Through its recitation‚ practitioners experience a profound sense of peace and fulfillment‚ essential for achieving spiritual enlightenment. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a cherished prayer that continues to guide devotees on their journey toward self-realization and divine union. Its timeless wisdom and beautiful melodies make it a cornerstone of Hindu devotional practices‚ offering a path to both spiritual growth and material prosperity. The stotram’s impact is felt not only in rituals but also in the daily lives of those who recite it‚ fostering a sense of purpose and harmony. Its verses remind believers of the importance of faith and surrender‚ key principles for achieving spiritual enlightenment. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. Reciting the stotram with faith is believed to bring joy‚ peace‚ and prosperity into one’s life‚ fulfilling the deepest desires of the heart. The stotram is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for prosperity and peace. The stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a sacred hymn that celebrates the divine grace and generosity of Goddess Mahalaxmi‚ making it a cornerstone of Hindu spirituality. Reciting the stotram is believed to bring joy‚ peace‚ and prosperity into one’s life‚ fulfilling the deepest desires of the heart. The stotram is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. Reciting the stotram with faith is believed to attract positive vibrations and prosperity into one’s life. The stotram is also believed to ward off negative energies and bring good fortune to the devotees. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. It is a prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with sincerity and devotion. The stotram is also a celebration of the divine feminine and her infinite compassion and generosity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a cherished prayer among devotees of all ages. It is a testament to the enduring power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. Reciting the stotram is believed to create a sacred space for spiritual growth and self-realization. The text is also a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it bestows upon humanity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring clarity and focus to one’s life‚ helping them achieve their goals and aspirations. Regular recitation of the Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to enhance one’s mental and emotional well-being‚ leading to a more balanced and harmonious life. The stotram is also considered a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace from Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for prosperity and peace. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful tool for achieving both spiritual and material fulfillment‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. Reciting the stotram is believed to strengthen one’s faith and deepen their connection with the divine. The text is also a means to connect with the universal energy of abundance and prosperity‚ making it a powerful tool for personal transformation and growth. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful expression of devotion and a powerful means to experience the divine grace of Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring people closer to their spiritual goals and aspirations‚ helping them navigate life’s challenges with grace and resilience. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to inspire and uplift those who recite it with faith and devotion. The stotram is also a celebration of the divine feminine and her infinite compassion and generosity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a beautiful blend of spirituality and practicality‚ making it a cherished prayer among devotees of all ages. It is a testament to the enduring power of faith and devotion in achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life. Reciting the stotram is believed to create a sacred space for spiritual growth and self-realization. The text is also a celebration of the divine and the infinite blessings it bestows upon humanity. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a timeless prayer that continues to resonate with devotees across generations‚ offering them hope‚ peace‚ and prosperity. The stotram is also believed to bring clarity and focus to one’s life‚ helping them achieve their goals and aspirations. Regular recitation of the Mahalaxmi Stotram is believed to enhance one’s mental and emotional well-being‚ leading to a more balanced and harmonious life. The stotram is also considered a means to express gratitude for the blessings received and to seek continued grace from Goddess Mahalaxmi. It is a prayer that embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality and the universal quest for prosperity and peace. The Mahalaxmi Stotram is a powerful tool for achieving both spiritual and material fulfillment‚ making it a significant part of Hindu devotional practices. Reciting the stotram is believed to strengthen one’s faith and deepen their connection with the divine. The text is also a means to connect with the universal energy
The Structure of Mahalaxmi Stotram
Mahalaxmi Stotram consists of 32 verses‚ each praising Goddess Lakshmi’s eight divine forms. Its rhythmic structure and poetic style make it easy to recite and meditate upon.